Chapter 1.Critical Thinking: What Is Critical
Thinking? / What Can Critical Thinking Do for Us? / Critical Thinking
/ A Socratic Model
Part One: A Logic of Statements
Chapter 2.Some Logical Relations of Statements: Inconsistency /
Implication / Contradiction
/ True claims and assumptions
Chapter 3. Consistency and Assumptions: Consistency Analysis / More
on
Assumptions / Outcome Consistent
Chapter 4. Reasoning and Inference: Logical Puzzles as Reasoning Exercises /
The Logical Proof as a Critical Thinking Exercise / Advanced Puzzles
Part Two: A Logic of Arguments
Chapter 5. Arguments: Facts and Opinions / Recognizing
Arguments / Premises and Conclusions
Chapter 6. Argument Analysis by Diagramming: Simple, Serial, and Divergent
Arguments / Convergent and Linked Arguments / Argument Strategy
and Diagramming Aids
Chapter 7. Evaluating Arguments: Reliability & Relevance of
Premises / Phrasing of the Conclusion & Context
Counter-examples and Counter-arguments / Argument Types and Strengths
Part Three: Clarity
Chapter 8. Compound Arguments: Classifying Compound Arguments / Analyzing and
Evaluating Compound Arguments / Diagramming Techniques for Compound Arguments
Chapter 9. Clarity in Meaning: Verbal Disputes, Ambiguity, and Word Misuse /
Some Characteristics of the English Language / Strong and Weak Statements /
Explaining the Meaning of Words / Definitions / Honing Definitions
Chapter 10. Clarity in Arguments: Burden of Proof / Begging
the Question / Fallacies of Equivocation / Paraphrase / The Dense Argument
Part Four: Context and Relevance
Chapter 11. Context: The Context of the Argument / The Terse
Argument / Arguments with Unstated Conclusions / Arguments with
Unstated Premises
Chapter 12. Relevance: Evaluating Testimony / Ad Hominem
Fallacies / Legitimate and Illegitimate Appeals / The Straw Man Fallacy / Thinking Critically about Advertising
Part Five: Conditional and Inductive Arguments
Chapter 13. Mostly Conditional Arguments: Conditions /
Conditional Statements / Disjunctive Arguments / Conditional Arguments /
Fallacious Conditional Arguments / The Indirect
Argument More Conditional Arguments
Chapter 14. Inductive Arguments: General Statements and Generalizations /
Arguments by Inductive Generalization / Analogies and Arguments by Analogy / Analyzing and
Evaluating Arguments by Analogy
Part Six: Writing Argumentative Essays
Chapter 15. Longer Arguments: Recognizing the Issue and the Stand /
Arguments and Objections / Alternative Positions and Assumptions / Case
Study: Notes for an Analysis and Evaluation / The Analytical Essay—One Example
Chapter 16. Writing the Argumentative Essay: The Short Argumentative Piece /
The Longer Argumentative Essay: Delineating the Issue / The Longer
Argumentative Essay: The Body of the Essay / The Longer Argumentative Essay:
The Conclusion / A Sample Longer Argumentative Essay
Solutions to Selected Exercises
Sample Student Critical Thinking Journal
Glossary
Sources
Index of Names
Index of Subjects
For the Teacher:
Instructor's Manual available. Contains suggestions for using the text in a critical
thinking/practical reasoning course, solutions for all exercises, sample test questions
and answers, and occasional notes on grading.
Overhead Transparency Manual available. Many instructors prefer to teach the
diagramming of arguments using an overhead transparency projector. Students can follow the
work of the instructor and other students even in large classes. This Manual contains all
the arguments for diagramming for the examples, problems, and examinations, ready to be
transferred to transparency.
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